题目/Title：一种适用于流水线A/D的后台非线性校准技术
                        A Nonlinear Background Calibration Technique for Pipelined A/D

作者/Author：张歆,李福乐,王志华
                        Xin Zhang,Fule Li,Zhihua Wang

期刊/Journal：微电子学 Microelectronics

年份/Issue Date：2006.Jun.

卷（期）及页码/Volume（No.）&pages：pp. 2176 - 2180

摘要/Abstract：
本文提出了一种适用于流水线模数转换器的数字后台非线性校准技术。算法以流水线核前数级的量化输出码为地址将流水线核的原始数据分成若干段区，采用最小均方根（LMS）自适应算法校准每段的增益误差和偏移误差。行为级仿真结果证实：当存在包括运放非线性在内的各种非理想因素时，该算法仍然能够极大的提升转换精度。与现存的技术相比，该技术对非线性级间增益误差的校准能力有明显优势，对非线性的模式也没有限制，而且仅需要额外付出较小的硬件代价。
A nonlinear background technique for pipelined ADCs is proposed. By dividing the raw output of the pipeline core into different segments addressed by the digital codes defined by the outputs of the first several stages, a code-by-code gain error and offset calibration by using least mean square (LMS) adaptive algorithm is introduced to eliminate the conversion nonlinearity due to circuit nonidealities including nonlinear opamp gain. Behavioral simulation results confirm its effectiveness in significantly improving the conversion accuracy in the presence of various circuit nonidealities, and its advantage over the typical previously reported technique in correcting nonlinear interstage gain errors. And comparing to existing techniques, it has less limitation on the nonlinear pattern and requires a smaller hardware overhead.